Part Two

Contents
1. CHRONIC HEPATITIS
1.1. Classification of Chronic Hepatitis
1.2. Chronic Viral Hepatitis
1.2.1. Hepatitis B
1.2.2. Hepatitis D
1.2.3. Hepatitis C
1.3. Autoimmune Hepatitis
2. CHOLESTATIC LIVER DISEASE
2.1. Intrahepatic Cholestasis
2.2. Primary Biliary Cholangitis/Cirrhosis (PBC)
2.3. Primary Biliary Cirrhosis/Autoimmune Hepatitis Overlap Syndrome
2.4. Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
2.5. Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis/Autoimmunne Hepatitis Overlap Syndrome
3. METABOLIC LIVER DISEASE
3.1. Haemochromatosis
3.2. Wilson’s Disease
4. ALCOHOL-RELATED LIVER DISEASE
5. NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE
6. DRUG-INDUCED LIVER INJURY
7. HEPATIC GRANULOMATOSIS (GRANULOMATOUS HEPATITIS)
8. Alpha 1 – ANTITRYPSIN DEFICIENCY
9. LIVER CIRRHOSIS
10. COMPLICATIONS OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS
10.1. Portal Hypertension
10.2. Esophageal and Gastric Varices
10.2.1. Esophageal Variceal Hemorrhage
10.2.2. Gastric Varices
10.3. Portal Hypertensive Gastropathy
10.4. Portal Vein Thrombosis
10.5. Idiopathic Portal Hypertension
10.6. Ascites
10.7. Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
10.8. Spontaneous Bacterial Pleural Empyema
10.9. Secondary Bacterial Peritonitis
10.10. Hyponatremia
10.11. Hepatorenal Syndrome
10.12. Hepatic Encephalopathy
10.13. Hypersplenism
10.14. Pulmonary Complications of Portal Hypertension
10.14.1. Pulmonary Vascular Abnormalities
10.14.1.1 Hepatopulmonary Syndrome
10.14.1.2. Portopulmonary Hypertension
10.14.1.3. Pulmonary Emboli
10.14.2. Pleural/Diaphragm Effects of Ascites
10.14.2.1. Hepatic Hydrothorax
10.14.2.2. Chilous Effusion
10.14.2.3. Spontsneous Bacteril Pleural Empyema
10.15. Cardiac Disfunction in Cirrhosis and Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy
10.16. Acute-on-chronic Liver Failure
11. ACUTE LIVER FAILURE
12. TUMORS OF THE LIVER
12.1. Primary Liver Tumors
12.1.1 Primary Benign Hepatic Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions
12.1.2. Primary Malignant Hepatic Tumors
12.1.2.1. Hepatocellular Carcinoma
12.1.2.2. Cholangiocarcinoma
12.2. Metastatic Liver Disease
13. LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
14. DISEASES OF BILIARY SISTEM
14.1. Gallstones (Cholelithiasis) and other Biliary Diseases
14.1.1. Cholelithiasis
14.1.2. Chronic Calculous Cholelcystitis
14.1.3. Calculous Obstruction of the Cystic Duct
14.1.4. Acute Cholecystitis
14.1.5. Complications of Acute and Chronic Calculous Cholecystitis
14.2. Other Gallbladder Pathology
14.3. Acalculous Cholecystitis
14.4. Cysts and Congenital Biliary Abnormalities